Articles Posted in HIPAA

In January, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published a final rule, which modifies HIPAA privacy rules to allow for easier sharing between certain HIPAA covered entities and the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Specifically, the final rule allows certain HIPAA covered entities to share with NICS the identities of individuals prohibited under federal law from legally owning a firearm.

The Gun Control Act of 1968 prohibits categories of individuals from engaging in the shipment, transport, receipt or possession of firearms. The Department of Justice (DOJ) issued regulations applying the prohibition to those that have been involuntarily committed to a mental institution, those found to be incompetent to stand trial or found not guilty by reason of insanity are prohibited from owning a firearm, or otherwise determined by a court, board, commission, or other lawful authority to be a danger to themselves or others or unable to manage their own affairs as a result of marked subnormal intelligence, or mental illness, incompetency, condition, or disease. This prohibition is referred to as the “mental health prohibitor.” The January final rule provides that only covered entities which already have lawful authority to render adjudication decisions which subject individuals to the mental health prohibitor may disclose those individuals’ identities to the NICS. The final rule does not allow for clinical or medical information to be disclosed; only demographic information about individuals subject to the prohibitor may be disclosed.

In the text and analysis of the Final Rule, the OCR explains the very limited and narrow exception to HIPAA privacy rules as a balance between patient privacy and public safety goals. The Final Rule cited the American Medical Association’s (AMA’s) support for the Final Rule stating that the AMA “…Code of Ethics supports strong protections for patient privacy and, in most cases, requires physicians to keep patient medical records strictly confidential. If there must be a breach in confidentiality, such as for public health or safety reasons, the disclosures must be as narrow in scope as possible.” In addition, OCR cited uniformity as a justification for the Final Rule. OCR explained that some states have not established reporting rules for this type of disclosure to the NICS. Thus, this rule will allow for more uniform reporting standards throughout all fifty states.

On Wednesday, New York Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University agreed to settle claims with the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights for a collective $4.8 million stemming from a data breach in 2010. This matter, along with other similar cases, should serve as an important warning to healthcare providers and other HIPAA covered entities that personal health information (PHI) of patients must be protected, especially in the electronic age. If a data network is breached and PHI is made available, HHS will use its enforcement powers to assess punitive penalties and institute corrective actions in order to achieve compliance.

Under the terms of the settlement, New York Presbyterian will pay $3.3 million while Columbia University will pay $1.5 million. Both entities must also institute corrective action plans. The settlement represents the highest combined total financial penalty issued to an entity covered by HIPPA. As part of the settlement, the entities must undergo a risk analysis, develop a risk management plan, revise policies and procedures, train staff and provide progress reports.

The investigation and subsequent settlement were brought on by a data breach incident in 2010 where the shared data system for New York Presbyterian and Columbia University was breached and the records of 6,800 patients were made available on the internet. The data breach occurred when a physician attempted to deactivate a personally owned computer server on the network. The Office for Civil Rights alleged that that due to a lack of technical safeguards, deactivation of the server resulted in PHI being accessible via internet search engines.

On February 24, 2014, the Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (“OCR”) announced in the Federal Register that it plans to survey up to 1,200 organizations to identify candidates for audits under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Audit Program. In accordance with the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (“HITECH”) Act, OCR is required to schedule periodic audits to ensure that covered entities and business associates are in compliance with HIPAA Privacy, Security, and Breach Notification Rules.

According to the notice, the survey will assess covered entities and business associates’ “suitability” (e.g., size, complexity and fitness) for an audit by collecting information from these respondents such as “number of patient visits or insured lives, use of electronic information, revenue, and business locations.” Although the total number of entities to be audited in 2014 is unclear, HHS expects that expanding the audit program to up to 1,200 organizations will provide a more accurate depiction of covered entities and business associates’ compliance with HIPAA. HHS will be accepting comments regarding this pre-audit survey until April 25, 2014.

Since the inception of the HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules in 1996, Wachler & Associates has counseled providers and other covered entities of all sizes in HIPAA compliance. In order to attain compliance, providers should update security policies and procedures, business associate agreements, privacy policies and procedures, and HIPAA privacy notices. In addition, all employees should receive ongoing training in HIPAA compliance. If your entity does not already have these procedures in place, Wachler & Associates can help you implement these important compliance measures. If you have any questions or require assistance developing and implementing a HIPAA compliance plan for your organization, please contact an experienced healthcare attorney at 248-544-0888 or at wapc@wachler.com.

On January 16, 2014 the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) unanimously reaffirmed its broad authority to regulate a healthcare provider’s data security program deemed inadequate by the FTC in protecting consumers from identity theft or misuse of personal information. The FTC held that a provider’s program is inadequate if it fails to provide reasonable and appropriate data security measures. A company’s failure to provide reasonable and appropriate data security measures falls within the purview of Section 5(a) of the FTC Act’s prohibition of “unfair … acts or practices.” Further, the FTC held that HIPAA, HITECH, and other statutes do not restrict the FTC’s authority under Section 5(a) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a), to challenge data security measures that it has reason to believe are unfair acts or practices.

The impetus for this ruling comes from an August 2013 complaint filed against LabMD, a clinical laboratory, alleging that LabMD failed to employ reasonable and appropriate measures to prevent unauthorized access to consumers’ personal information, constituting an unfair act or practice in violation of Section 5(a) of the Act. LabMD moved to dismiss the FTC’s complaint, arguing that the FTC had no authority to address private companies’ data security programs under the Act, and that by enacting Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPPA”) and other statutes, Congress implicitly restricted the FTC’s authority to enforce the Section 5 of the Act in the field of data security. In denying LabMD’s motion to dismiss, the FTC determined that nothing in the federal statutes reflected a ‘clear and manifest’ intent of Congress to restrict the FTC’s authority over unfair data and security practices. Furthermore, the FTC held that “so long as the requirements of those statues do not conflict with one another, a party cannot plausibly assert that, because it complies with one of these laws, it is free to violate the other.”

As the FTC reasserts its broad authority under the Act, healthcare providers should reexamine their data security programs to ensure that they adequately protect consumers’ personal information in the event of an investigation by the FTC.